Electronic monitoring of employees

Fun an Finance Essay Example

Fun an Finance Paper The risk premium over and above the risk free rate consists of a number of components, including all of the following EXCEPT A) inflation risk. B) default risk. C) liquidity risk. D) tax treatment risk. 2) At any time, the slope of the yield curve is affected by A) liquidity preferences. B) inflationary expectations. C) the comparative equilibrium of supply and demand in the short-term and long-term market segments. D) all of the above. 3) Nico Nelson, a management trainee at a large New York-based bank is trying to estimate the real rate of return expected by investors. He notes that the 3-month T-bill currently yields 3 percent and has decided to use the consumer price index as a proxy for expected inflation. What is the estimated real rate of interest if the CPI is currently 2 percent? A) 1% B) 5% C) 2% D) 3% 4) A ________ is a restrictive provision on a bond which provides for the systematic retirement of the bonds prior to their maturity. A) sinking-fund requirement B) conversion feature C) subordination clause D) redemption clause 5) A ________ is a complex and lengthy legal document stating the conditions under which a bond has been issued. A) warrant B) sinking fund C) bond indenture We will write a custom essay sample on Fun an Finance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fun an Finance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fun an Finance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer D) bond debenture 6) ________ is a paid individual, corporation, or commercial bank trust department that acts as a third party to a bond indenture to ensure that the issuer does not default on its contractual responsibilities to the bondholders. A) A trustee B) A bond rating agency C) A bond issuer D) An investment banker 7) All of the following are examples of restrictive debt covenants EXCEPT A) constraint on subsequent borrowing. B) prohibition on selling accounts receivable. C) prohibition on entering certain types of lease arrangements. D) supplying the creditor with audited financial statements. 8) The purpose of the restrictive debt covenant that requires that subsequent borrowing be subordinated to the original loan is to A) ensure that certain key employees are maintained. B) ensure a cash shortage does not cause an inability to meet current obligations. C) limit the amount of fixed-payment obligations. D) protect the lender by maintaining its position in the priority of claims in the event of liquidation. 11) ________ is a stipulation in a long-term debt agreement that subsequent or less important creditors agree to wait until all claims of the ________ are satisfied before having their claims satisfied. A) The combination restriction; senior debt B) The senior debt; common stockholders C) Subordination; senior debt D) Subordination; common stockholders 9) To compensate for the uncertainty of future interest rates and the fact that the longer the term of a loan the higher the probability that the borrower will default, the lender typically A) reserves the right to change the terms of the loan at any time. B) includes excessively restrictive debt provisions. C) charges a higher interest rate on long-term loans. D) reserves the right to demand immediate payment at any time. 0) The ________ feature permits the issuer to repurchase bonds at a stated price prior to maturity. A) put B) capitalization C) call D) conversion 11) ________ became popular vehicle used to finance mergers and takeovers during the 1980s. A) Convertible debentures B) Income bonds C) Floating rate bonds D) Junk bonds 12) ________ are bonds that have a short maturity, typically one to five years, and which can be rede emed or renewed for a similar period at the option of their holders. A) Extendible notes B) Putable bonds C) Floating rate bonds D) Junk bonds 13) A feature that gives the issuer the opportunity to repurchase bonds at a stated price prior to maturity is called A) stock purchase warrants. B) conversion feature. C) call feature. D) none of the above. 14) An instrument that give their holders the right to purchase a certain number of shares of the firms common stock at a specified price over a certain period of time is called A) conversion feature. B) call feature. C) Stock purchase warrants. D) none of the above 15) High-risk, high-yield junk bonds have declined in popularity over time due to A) he decline in mergers and takeovers, which these bonds were used to finance. B) a number of major defaults on these bonds. C) the stabilizing of interest rates. D) the declining need of growth capital. 21) ________ of all future cash flows an asset is expected to provide over a relevant time period is the market value of the asset. A) The stated value B) The future value C) The sum D) The present value 16) The ________ value of a bond is also called its face value. Bonds which sell at less than face value are priced at a ________, while bonds which sell at greater than face value sell at a ________. A) discount; par; premium B) premium; discount; par C) coupon; premium; discount D) par; discount; premium 17) The market price of outstanding issues often varies from par because A) the coupon rate has changed. B) the market rate of interest has changed. C) the maturity date has changed. D) old bonds sell for less than new bonds. 18) If the required return is less than the coupon rate, a bond will sell at A) a premium. B) a discount. C) book value. D) par. 19) Jia Hua Enterprises wants to issue sixty 20-year, $1,000 par value, zero-coupon bonds. If each bond is priced to yield 7 percent, how much will Jia Hua receive (ignoring issuance costs) when the bonds are first sold? A) $20,000 B) $18,880 C) $11,212 D) $12,393 E) $15,505 20) The yield to maturity on a bond with a price equal to its par value will A) be less than the coupon rate. B) be more or less than the coupon rate depending on the required return. C) be more than the coupon rate. D) always be equal to the coupon rate. 22) What is the approximate yield to maturity for a $1,000 par value bond selling for $1,120 that matures in 6 years and pays 12 percent interest annually? A) 13. 2 percent B) 8. 5 percent C) 9. 4 percent D) 12. 0 percent 23) What is the yield to maturity, to the nearest percent, for the following bond: current price is $908, coupon rate is 11 percent, $1,000 par value, interest paid annually, eight years to maturity? A) 13 percent B) 12 percent C) 11 percent D) 14 percent 24) Key differences between common stock and bonds include all of the following EXCEPT A) common stockholders have a voice in management; bondholders do not. B) dividends paid to bondholders are tax-deductible but interest paid to stockholders is not. C) onds have a stated maturity but stock does not. D) common stockholders have a junior claim on assets and income relative to bondholders. 25) The advantages of issuing preferred stock from the common stockholders perspective include all of the following EXCEPT A) flexibility. B) use in mergers. C) seniority of preferred stockholders claim over common stockholders. D) increased leverage. 26) Which of the following is fa lse? A) A firms corporate charter indicates how many authorized shares it can issue. B) Preemptive rights help to prevent a dilution of ownership on the part of existing shareholders. C) Firms often issue common stock with no par value. D) The common stock of a corporation can only be publicly owned. 27) Preferred stockholders A) do have preference over bondholders in the case of liquidation. B) do not have preference over common stockholders in the case of liquidation. C) do not have preference over bondholders in the case of liquidation. D) Two of the above are true statements. 28) Regarding the tax treatment of payments to securities holders, it is true that ________, while ________. A) interest and preferred stock dividends are not tax-deductible; common stock dividends are tax deductible B) nterest and preferred stock dividends are tax-deductible; common stock dividends are not tax-deductible C) common stock dividends and preferred stock dividends are not tax-deductible; interest is tax-deductible D) common stock dividends and preferred stock dividends are tax-deductible; interest is not tax-deductible 29) Common stockholders expect to earn a return by receiving A) fixed periodic dividends. B) annual interest. C) dividends. D) semiannual interest. 30) The disadvantages of issuing common stock versus long-term debt include all of the following EXCEPT A) the potential dilution of earnings. B) the market perception that management thinks the firm is over-valued, causing a decline in stock price. C) no maturity date on which the par value of the issue must be repaid. D) high cost. 31) A firm issued 10,000 shares of $2 par-value common stock, receiving proceeds of $40 per share. The accounting entry for the paid-in capital in excess of par account is A) $380,000. B) $800,000. C) $200,000. D) $400,000. 32) A firm has an expected dividend next year of $1. 20 per share, a zero growth rate of dividends, and a required return of 10 percent. The value of a share of the firms common stock is A) 10. B) $100. C) $12. D) $120. 33) A firm has an issue of preferred stock outstanding that has a par value of $100 and a 4% dividend. If the current market price of the preferred stock is $50, the yield on the preferred stock is A) 6. 00%. B) 8. 00%. C) 4. 00%. D) none of the above 34) Julian is considering purchasing the stock of Pepsi Cola because he really loves the taste of Pepsi. What should Julian be willing to pay for Pepsi today if it is expected to pay a $2 dividend in one year and he expects dividends to grow at 5 percent indefinitely? Julian requires a 12 percent return to make this investment. A) $31. 43 B) $28. 57 C) $29. 33 D) $43. 14 35) Nico Corporations common stock currently sells for $180 per share. Nico just paid a dividend of $10. 18 and dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 6 percent forever. If the required rate of return is 12 percent, what will Nico Corporations stock sell for one year from now? A) $187. 04 B) $195. 40 C) $190. 80 D) $179. 84 36) ________ is the actual amount each common stockholder would expect to receive if the firms assets are sold, creditors and preferred stockholders are repaid, and any remaining money is divided among the common stockholders. A) Liquidation value B) Book value C) The present value of the dividends D) The P/E multiple 37) The ________ of an asset is the change in value plus any cash distributions expressed as a percentage of the initial price or amount invested. A) risk B) value C) probability D) return 38) The ________ is a statistical measure of the relationship between series of numbers. A) standard deviation B) coefficient of variation C) correlation D) probability 39) The beta of the market A) is 1. B) is less than 1. C) is greater than 1. D) cannot be determined. 41) As risk aversion increases A) nvestors required rate of return will increase. B) a firms beta will increase. C) investors required rate of return will decrease. D) a firms beta will decrease. 42) In the capital asset pricing model, the general risk preferences of investors in the marketplace are reflected by A) the risk-free rate. B) the difference between the security market line and the risk-free rate. C) the level of the security mark et line. D) the slope of the security market line. 43) The ________ is a weighted average of the cost of funds which reflects the interrelationship of financing decisions. A) risk premium B) risk-free rate C) nominal cost D) cost of capital 44) The ________ is the firms desired optimal mix of debt and equity financing. A) market value B) book value C) cost of capital D) target capital structure 45) Debt is generally the least expensive source of capital. This is primarily due to A) the secured nature of a debt obligation. B) the tax deductibility of interest payments. C) fixed interest payments. D) its position in the priority of claims on assets and earnings in the event of liquidation. 46) A firm has issued 10 percent preferred stock, which sold for $100 per share par value. The cost of issuing and selling the stock was $2 per share. The firms marginal tax rate is 40 percent. The cost of the preferred stock is A) 9. 8 percent. B) 3. 9 percent. C) 10. 2 percent. D) 6. 1 percent. 47) The cost of retained earnings is A) zero. B) irrelevant to the investment/financing decision. C) equal to the cost of common stock equity. D) equal to the cost of a new issue of common stock. 48) One major expense associated with issuing new shares of common stock is A) nderpricing. B) registration fees. C) underwriting fees. D) legal fees. 49) Since retained earnings are viewed as a fully subscribed issue of additional common stock, the cost of retained earnings is A) greater than the cost of new common stock equity. B) less than the cost of new common stock equity. C) equal to the cost of new common stock equity. D) not related to the cost of new common stock equity. 50) Generally the leas t expensive source of long-term capital is A) long-term debt. B) short-term debt. C) retained earnings. D) preferred stock. Fun an Finance Essay Example Fun an Finance Essay The risk premium over and above the risk free rate consists of a number of components, including all of the following EXCEPT A) inflation risk. B) default risk. C) liquidity risk. D) tax treatment risk. 2) At any time, the slope of the yield curve is affected by A) liquidity preferences. B) inflationary expectations. C) the comparative equilibrium of supply and demand in the short-term and long-term market segments. D) all of the above. 3) Nico Nelson, a management trainee at a large New York-based bank is trying to estimate the real rate of return expected by investors. He notes that the 3-month T-bill currently yields 3 percent and has decided to use the consumer price index as a proxy for expected inflation. What is the estimated real rate of interest if the CPI is currently 2 percent? A) 1% B) 5% C) 2% D) 3% 4) A ________ is a restrictive provision on a bond which provides for the systematic retirement of the bonds prior to their maturity. A) sinking-fund requirement B) conversion feature C) subordination clause D) redemption clause 5) A ________ is a complex and lengthy legal document stating the conditions under which a bond has been issued. A) warrant B) sinking fund C) bond indenture We will write a custom essay sample on Fun an Finance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fun an Finance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fun an Finance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer D) bond debenture 6) ________ is a paid individual, corporation, or commercial bank trust department that acts as a third party to a bond indenture to ensure that the issuer does not default on its contractual responsibilities to the bondholders. A) A trustee B) A bond rating agency C) A bond issuer D) An investment banker 7) All of the following are examples of restrictive debt covenants EXCEPT A) constraint on subsequent borrowing. B) prohibition on selling accounts receivable. C) prohibition on entering certain types of lease arrangements. D) supplying the creditor with audited financial statements. 8) The purpose of the restrictive debt covenant that requires that subsequent borrowing be subordinated to the original loan is to A) ensure that certain key employees are maintained. B) ensure a cash shortage does not cause an inability to meet current obligations. C) limit the amount of fixed-payment obligations. D) protect the lender by maintaining its position in the priority of claims in the event of liquidation. 11) ________ is a stipulation in a long-term debt agreement that subsequent or less important creditors agree to wait until all claims of the ________ are satisfied before having their claims satisfied. A) The combination restriction; senior debt B) The senior debt; common stockholders C) Subordination; senior debt D) Subordination; common stockholders 9) To compensate for the uncertainty of future interest rates and the fact that the longer the term of a loan the higher the probability that the borrower will default, the lender typically A) reserves the right to change the terms of the loan at any time. B) includes excessively restrictive debt provisions. C) charges a higher interest rate on long-term loans. D) reserves the right to demand immediate payment at any time. 0) The ________ feature permits the issuer to repurchase bonds at a stated price prior to maturity. A) put B) capitalization C) call D) conversion 11) ________ became popular vehicle used to finance mergers and takeovers during the 1980s. A) Convertible debentures B) Income bonds C) Floating rate bonds D) Junk bonds 12) ________ are bonds that have a short maturity, typically one to five years, and which can be rede emed or renewed for a similar period at the option of their holders. A) Extendible notes B) Putable bonds C) Floating rate bonds D) Junk bonds 13) A feature that gives the issuer the opportunity to repurchase bonds at a stated price prior to maturity is called A) stock purchase warrants. B) conversion feature. C) call feature. D) none of the above. 14) An instrument that give their holders the right to purchase a certain number of shares of the firms common stock at a specified price over a certain period of time is called A) conversion feature. B) call feature. C) Stock purchase warrants. D) none of the above 15) High-risk, high-yield junk bonds have declined in popularity over time due to A) he decline in mergers and takeovers, which these bonds were used to finance. B) a number of major defaults on these bonds. C) the stabilizing of interest rates. D) the declining need of growth capital. 21) ________ of all future cash flows an asset is expected to provide over a relevant time period is the market value of the asset. A) The stated value B) The future value C) The sum D) The present value 16) The ________ value of a bond is also called its face value. Bonds which sell at less than face value are priced at a ________, while bonds which sell at greater than face value sell at a ________. A) discount; par; premium B) premium; discount; par C) coupon; premium; discount D) par; discount; premium 17) The market price of outstanding issues often varies from par because A) the coupon rate has changed. B) the market rate of interest has changed. C) the maturity date has changed. D) old bonds sell for less than new bonds. 18) If the required return is less than the coupon rate, a bond will sell at A) a premium. B) a discount. C) book value. D) par. 19) Jia Hua Enterprises wants to issue sixty 20-year, $1,000 par value, zero-coupon bonds. If each bond is priced to yield 7 percent, how much will Jia Hua receive (ignoring issuance costs) when the bonds are first sold? A) $20,000 B) $18,880 C) $11,212 D) $12,393 E) $15,505 20) The yield to maturity on a bond with a price equal to its par value will A) be less than the coupon rate. B) be more or less than the coupon rate depending on the required return. C) be more than the coupon rate. D) always be equal to the coupon rate. 22) What is the approximate yield to maturity for a $1,000 par value bond selling for $1,120 that matures in 6 years and pays 12 percent interest annually? A) 13. 2 percent B) 8. 5 percent C) 9. 4 percent D) 12. 0 percent 23) What is the yield to maturity, to the nearest percent, for the following bond: current price is $908, coupon rate is 11 percent, $1,000 par value, interest paid annually, eight years to maturity? A) 13 percent B) 12 percent C) 11 percent D) 14 percent 24) Key differences between common stock and bonds include all of the following EXCEPT A) common stockholders have a voice in management; bondholders do not. B) dividends paid to bondholders are tax-deductible but interest paid to stockholders is not. C) onds have a stated maturity but stock does not. D) common stockholders have a junior claim on assets and income relative to bondholders. 25) The advantages of issuing preferred stock from the common stockholders perspective include all of the following EXCEPT A) flexibility. B) use in mergers. C) seniority of preferred stockholders claim over common stockholders. D) increased leverage. 26) Which of the following is fa lse? A) A firms corporate charter indicates how many authorized shares it can issue. B) Preemptive rights help to prevent a dilution of ownership on the part of existing shareholders. C) Firms often issue common stock with no par value. D) The common stock of a corporation can only be publicly owned. 27) Preferred stockholders A) do have preference over bondholders in the case of liquidation. B) do not have preference over common stockholders in the case of liquidation. C) do not have preference over bondholders in the case of liquidation. D) Two of the above are true statements. 28) Regarding the tax treatment of payments to securities holders, it is true that ________, while ________. A) interest and preferred stock dividends are not tax-deductible; common stock dividends are tax deductible B) nterest and preferred stock dividends are tax-deductible; common stock dividends are not tax-deductible C) common stock dividends and preferred stock dividends are not tax-deductible; interest is tax-deductible D) common stock dividends and preferred stock dividends are tax-deductible; interest is not tax-deductible 29) Common stockholders expect to earn a return by receiving A) fixed periodic dividends. B) annual interest. C) dividends. D) semiannual interest. 30) The disadvantages of issuing common stock versus long-term debt include all of the following EXCEPT A) the potential dilution of earnings. B) the market perception that management thinks the firm is over-valued, causing a decline in stock price. C) no maturity date on which the par value of the issue must be repaid. D) high cost. 31) A firm issued 10,000 shares of $2 par-value common stock, receiving proceeds of $40 per share. The accounting entry for the paid-in capital in excess of par account is A) $380,000. B) $800,000. C) $200,000. D) $400,000. 32) A firm has an expected dividend next year of $1. 20 per share, a zero growth rate of dividends, and a required return of 10 percent. The value of a share of the firms common stock is A) 10. B) $100. C) $12. D) $120. 33) A firm has an issue of preferred stock outstanding that has a par value of $100 and a 4% dividend. If the current market price of the preferred stock is $50, the yield on the preferred stock is A) 6. 00%. B) 8. 00%. C) 4. 00%. D) none of the above 34) Julian is considering purchasing the stock of Pepsi Cola because he really loves the taste of Pepsi. What should Julian be willing to pay for Pepsi today if it is expected to pay a $2 dividend in one year and he expects dividends to grow at 5 percent indefinitely? Julian requires a 12 percent return to make this investment. A) $31. 43 B) $28. 57 C) $29. 33 D) $43. 14 35) Nico Corporations common stock currently sells for $180 per share. Nico just paid a dividend of $10. 18 and dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 6 percent forever. If the required rate of return is 12 percent, what will Nico Corporations stock sell for one year from now? A) $187. 04 B) $195. 40 C) $190. 80 D) $179. 84 36) ________ is the actual amount each common stockholder would expect to receive if the firms assets are sold, creditors and preferred stockholders are repaid, and any remaining money is divided among the common stockholders. A) Liquidation value B) Book value C) The present value of the dividends D) The P/E multiple 37) The ________ of an asset is the change in value plus any cash distributions expressed as a percentage of the initial price or amount invested. A) risk B) value C) probability D) return 38) The ________ is a statistical measure of the relationship between series of numbers. A) standard deviation B) coefficient of variation C) correlation D) probability 39) The beta of the market A) is 1. B) is less than 1. C) is greater than 1. D) cannot be determined. 41) As risk aversion increases A) nvestors required rate of return will increase. B) a firms beta will increase. C) investors required rate of return will decrease. D) a firms beta will decrease. 42) In the capital asset pricing model, the general risk preferences of investors in the marketplace are reflected by A) the risk-free rate. B) the difference between the security market line and the risk-free rate. C) the level of the security mark et line. D) the slope of the security market line. 43) The ________ is a weighted average of the cost of funds which reflects the interrelationship of financing decisions. A) risk premium B) risk-free rate C) nominal cost D) cost of capital 44) The ________ is the firms desired optimal mix of debt and equity financing. A) market value B) book value C) cost of capital D) target capital structure 45) Debt is generally the least expensive source of capital. This is primarily due to A) the secured nature of a debt obligation. B) the tax deductibility of interest payments. C) fixed interest payments. D) its position in the priority of claims on assets and earnings in the event of liquidation. 46) A firm has issued 10 percent preferred stock, which sold for $100 per share par value. The cost of issuing and selling the stock was $2 per share. The firms marginal tax rate is 40 percent. The cost of the preferred stock is A) 9. 8 percent. B) 3. 9 percent. C) 10. 2 percent. D) 6. 1 percent. 47) The cost of retained earnings is A) zero. B) irrelevant to the investment/financing decision. C) equal to the cost of common stock equity. D) equal to the cost of a new issue of common stock. 48) One major expense associated with issuing new shares of common stock is A) nderpricing. B) registration fees. C) underwriting fees. D) legal fees. 49) Since retained earnings are viewed as a fully subscribed issue of additional common stock, the cost of retained earnings is A) greater than the cost of new common stock equity. B) less than the cost of new common stock equity. C) equal to the cost of new common stock equity. D) not related to the cost of new common stock equity. 50) Generally the leas t expensive source of long-term capital is A) long-term debt. B) short-term debt. C) retained earnings. D) preferred stock.

A biosensor is an analytical device Essay Example

A biosensor is an analytical device Essay Example A biosensor is an analytical device Paper A biosensor is an analytical device Paper Essay Topic: Analytical A biosensor is an analytical device which uses biologically-sensitive material to detect biological or chemical species directly without the need for complex sample processing. It is usually made by attaching a biologically-sensitive material to a suitable transducing system, which converts the biochemical response into a quantifiable and processable electrical signal (Ngweinbi Suleiman, 1990). The biologically-sensitive materials can be an enzyme, multienzyme system, organelle, membrane component, a bacterial cell or other whole cell, an antibody or an antigen, or whole slices of mammalian or plant tissues, etc. These materials are responsible for the recognition of the test species in the mixture and provide the selectivity and sensitivity of the final device. When biological molecules interact specifically and reversibly, there is a change in one or more physico-chemical parameters associated with the interaction. This change may produce ions, electrons, gases, heat, mass or light. These quantities are converted into electrical signals by the transducers, amplified, processed and displayed in a suitable form (Sethi, 1994). Biosensors are devices that combine the selectivity and specificity of a biological component with a suitable transducer. The biological sensing element, usually an enzyme or an antibody, recognizes the complementary molecule and the resulting biochemical changes are transduced into a concentration dependant proportional signal (Calvo Danilowicz, 1997). In order to measure a physical quantity, a sensor must fulfill a number of criteria which indicate its aptitude for meeting the requirement. All useful information about a physical event can be obtained if the biosensor provides a signal that has a direct relationship with the quantity under investigation. The biosensor must also meet the requirements connected with the measurement itself, which are repeatability, reproducibility, selectivity, sensitivity, a linear region of response, and a good response time (Tran, 1993, p.8). The most fundamental principles for classifying biosensors depends on the measurement of fractional occupancy of ab binding sites, as the occupancy of the ab binding sites by the analyte depends on the analyte concentration in the sample. Anayte binding by the ab does not generate a signal, which can be easily measured. Therefore, indirect immunosensors require a tracer as helper agent (Bilitewski, Turner, p.118). In a biosensor, the transducer plays a physical role, and the biorecepor has the role of molecular recognition. The information decoded by the bioreceptor is converted into an electrical signal by transducer, using measuring techniques like potentiometry, amperometry, thermometry or photometry, all of which are based on the variation of physical quantities (Trans, 1993, p.10).

Psychoanalysis essays

Psychoanalysis essays Psychoanalysis is a very complex and interesting topic of debate. The foundering father of psychoanalysis is Sigmund Freud (1836-1939). Freud began studying medicine at the University of Vienna in 1873; Freud was very interested in the mind, especially in the forms of mental illnesses such as neurosis and hysteria. As a philosopher Freud was interested in finding a connection between the mind and basic structures of society. Freud had many ideas and they were broken down into different sections from the Oedipus complex to the interpretation of dreams. Freud had a theory on the human psyche. Freud had initial ideas that the levels of consciousness in the mind were divided in to two parts, the conscious and the unconscious. The unconscious, which is part of our mind that we dont use knowingly, yet has a strong impact on our actions. An example would be when a barman might serve a young, blonde haired, blue-eyed woman before a man. He might have not consciously realised he was doing this. Yet subconsciously, it may be that he fancies her and prioritises her over the man. He may see it consciously as serving the first person there when in actual fact, unconsciously his attracted to her. However Freud changed his theory as it was to restricting and added a third level: the pre-conscious. The idea is that the information is stored away but easily obtainable. An example of this would be memories. In 1923 Freud noticed the clash within thought and mental processes which led him to identify three parts of our psyche. He referred to these as the Id, Ego and the Superego. The Id is the primitive, unconscious basis of the psyche, dominated by primary urges (Richard Appignanesi, 1979 pg 156). It comes from the initial instinct to satisfy our needs and desires what can be known as the pleasure principle. The uncontrollable repressed part of our psyche. For example a newborn child is primaril...

Hotel 267 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hotel 267 - Essay Example One of the major problems facing this hotel is the way the guests are handled on arrival. The rates of greetings at the entrance and manner of paying attention to the guest socially has reduced since the year 2011 to the year 2014. This factor seems to be deteriorating as time goes by. Customers need to feel welcome when they arrive at a hotel. They need to know that their presence is accepted and appreciate d and that the employees are going to serve their needs. It would therefore be better for the hotel’s performance if the management urges their employees to exchange polite pleasantries with the guests at the hotel be it the driver or the cashier. It will enable the customer feel encouraged to come again another day. The quality of the knowledge that the concierge practice has seems to be deteriorating since the year 2011 to 2014 which reflect a steady decline in the knowledge ability of the concierge. Something like this could discourage a lot of guests from staying at this hotel despite the quality expressed in other services within the hotel. This is because a customer needs to be assured of quality medical treatment should anything go wrong with their health during their stay at the hotel. The management should ensure that they hire concierge doctors that are knowledgeable about health conditions and how to go about treating them. The working order of matters within the organization has reduced. This shows that there is poor coordination of activities within the hotel which may disrupt the kind of attention being given to the guests. It would be wise if the management fixed this problem through coming up with strategies of running the hotel in an organized manner. It should be clear the duties of each individual and how they should go about them to ensure that there is no confusion in the running of errands and customer

Crouse college Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crouse college - Essay Example After his death, the building was opened by his son to both men and women. Crouse College housed the first College of Fine Arts in the United States. It was the third building on campus and highest structure in Syracuse when it was built (Brooks 52). The initial foundation for the new school was laid down in June 1888, and the building was finished in September 1889. The building cost practically a large portion of a million dollars and was a blessing from nearby dealer and broker, John Crouse, and his child, D. Edgar Crouse. The senior Crouse was a trustee of the college and fabricated the school as a remembrance to his wife. The designer, Archimedes Russell, surpassed the first plan (Brooks 63). The building was planned for utilization as a ladies school and was initially named the John Crouse Memorial College for Women, in any case, John Crouse kicked the bucket throughout its development and his child opened the organization for utilization by both men and ladies. At the time of development, it was the third expanding on facilities and the most elevated structure in the city. It was implicit the Romanesqueue Revival style "with High Victorian Gothic qualities. The structure is upheld by a "hefty" rock establishment and the o uter surface is secured with Longmeadow brownstone. Engineering subtle elements incorporate high tops, peaks, dormer windows and adjusted curves. The inner part is "particularly" Romanesque and cut hardwood woodwork plans, illustrative of the period, are shown all around (National Register Information System n.p). Winged Victory, a model or sculpture that was designed according to the first, which was found in the Mediterranean Sea and since moved to the Louver, is placed at the bottom of the primary staircase. The building additionally holds stained glass "connected with religious topic and profound replenishment." The stained glass was composed by Richard Wolff, a previous working part, and learners from the

Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Evolution - Essay Example Biological organisms are known to take some of their characteristics from their dead ancestors and pass them on to the next generations. This is a part of the process of evolution. If evolution were goal-directed, then the genes and traits of biological organisms would be the same. It is known, and it has been proved that there is variation in the physical and biological traits of organisms regardless the family (Lenomard, Roze & Rousset, 1919). Organisms are also different when it comes to fitness; may it be physical, mental or biological. It means that some organisms will be more advantageous more than the others when it comes to the struggle for the fittest. This make evolution to be goal disoriented since it does not focus on making each and every organism equal. With continued evolution, organisms will always be different according to their genetic make- up or the physical traits. Evolution has no specific direction in which it occurs. The direction of the changes due to evolution is always determined by the environment of a given place at a given time (Lenomard, Roze & Rousset, 1919). In evolution, immoral behavior is usually rewarded. According to evolution, for an organism to survive in nature it has to be violent and strong enough to stand the rudeness of the others. Evolution supports only material things in nature. It disagrees with the biblical theory of believe that human beings possess souls while animals don’t (Lenomard, Roze & Rousset, 1919).The lack of goal direction can be proved through the similarities that have been found in fossil fuels. Some animal remains may have similar characteristics, and yet the animals are not of the same family or are they from the same location and adaptations. Mutation becomes a very important tool since it is the source of all genetic variations in the organisms. Mutation ensures that there is a difference or similarity in