John Locke on Personal Identity - 950 Words

I will argue that Locke believed that if you remain the same person, there are various entities contained in my body and soul composite that do not remain the same over time, or that we can conceive them changing. These entities are matter, organism (human), person (rational consciousness and memory), and the soul (immaterial thinking substance). This is a intuitive interpretation that creates many questions and problems. I will evaluate Lockes view by explaining what is and what forms personal identity, and then explaining how these changes do conceivably occur while a human remains the same person. Locke believed that the identity of a person could be assigned to the consciousness. He thought that a person would remain the same as†¦show more content†¦This means a body can have a soul at youth for a certain amount of years, then have another one in adolescence, and another during adulthood. Similarly, the same can have different bodies. So the same soul can be in a body in the year 1200, then in year 1850, and so on. A question that I have towards Lockes view is that if you have some kind of accident and lose all memory of your past permanently, are you really a new person? Locke states that you are a different person because your consciousness was no longer active after the accident, it was not continuous. Further on from that, so if a person is living their life with many memories, and then they are placed into a coma. When they wake up from that coma, and they do not remember anything at all, they now have a different identity according to Locke. Two things cannot have the same beginning according to Locke: â€Å"When we see a thing any thing, of whatever sort to be in a certain place at a certain time, we are sure that it is that very thing and not another thing existing at that time in some other place. We never find and can’t even conceive of two things of the same kind existing in the same place at the same time† (Essay II.xxvii. 1). So if that person then begins to start remembering things, is that person still the same person that they were before the coma? Or does that person now have an even newer identity due to them not being the person who did not remember anything previously. In other words, as thatShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke And Personal Identity1224 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Locke states that personal identity is a matter of physiological continuity that is based on the consciousness of a person rather than the individual’s body. Personal identity is constituted by memory connections; specifically the depiction of autobiographical memory connections that result in constituting personal identity. John Locke states that a person’s personality and psychology can be transferred to another body and that individual can still stay the same person because the consciousnessRead MoreJohn Locke on Personal Identity906 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween them. What is it for A and B to be the same pers on. That is the issue of person identity. For example what is it for me to be the same person now and when I was a baby. Is that justified to be the same person? Why? How? Locke more or less invented this topic. He came up with a idea that was really impressively sophisticated, given that he started from scratch. He took the view that appropriate criteria of identity, that is what it is that constitute sameness over time, depends on the kind of thingRead MorePersonal Identity, By John Locke1169 Words   |  5 Pagesquestions surrounding personal identity: whether it consists in consciousness, whether we are just a soul or a mind and are we only who we can remember being? Locke claims that our personal identity is found in our identity of consciousness, yet can this be true if a person can change bodies, or one mind can be inhabited by various persons? In this essay, I will first be looking at Locke’s account of personal identity and how he comes to the conclusion that person al identity consists over time. FromRead MoreReflection Of Identity In Locke And John Lockes Personal Identity954 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Locke in â€Å"Personal Identity† argues that, identity is a function of the mind and not the body. In simple terms, Locke considers personal identity as a matter of psychological continuity, founded on consciousness and not on the substance of either the soul or the body. Locke, is an empiricism which means that his theories must be built on experiences. This is why he states that consciousness is the experience we create, which then creates the personal identity of a person. Locke says that theRead MoreLocke And John Lockes Theory On Personal Identity860 Words   |  4 Pages Personal Identity or ‘Self’ has been a very important topic for philosophers for many years. Personal identity is how you describe or think of being which is derived from memories that have taken place over the years. John Locke was a philosopher who believed that your ‘Self’ or personal identity come from memory which is also referred to as consciousness in Locke’s writings. Locke believed that you are who you are, because your thoughts are yours alone no matter the vessel. However, in this paperRead MoreAnalysis Of John Locke And The Problem Of Personal Identity1622 Words   |  7 PagesProblems in Philosophy John Locke and the Problem of Personal Identity Personal identity, in a philosophical point of view, is the problem of explaining what makes a person numerically the same over a period of time, despite the change in qualities. The major questions answered by Locke were questions concerning the nature of identity, persons, and immorality (Jacobsen, 2016). This essay will discuss the three themes John Locke presents in his argument regarding personal identity, which are, the conceptRead MoreJohn Locke s Argument For Personal Identity Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pagespurpose of this essay is to define what Personal Identity is by analyzing John Locke’s argument for Personal Identity. John Locke’s argument for Personal Identity will be examined, in order to establish a better understanding of whether or not the argument for personal identity could be embraced. In order to do so, the essay will i) State and explain Locke’s argument that we are not substances or mere souls and ii) State and explain Locke’s con cept of personal identity and its relations to what he callsRead MoreJohn Locke s Theory Of Self And Personal Identity Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Locke a seventeenth century Philosopher uses a number of thought experiments in his 1690 account, ’An Essay concerning Human Understanding’. He uses these thought experiments to help explain his definition of the self and personal identity. The thought experiments that are used, go some way in explaining his opinions and in clarifying the role that memory plays in defining the term. Although defining personal identity was and still is a complex subject and not all philosophers share the sameRead MoreJohn Locke s Theory Of Personal Identity And Diversity1046 Words   |  5 Pagesthis has happened and therefore cannot be blamed for such a crime. Locke is known to believe in his theory of personal identity and diversity. Locke’s theory talks about consciousness and how our consciousness makes our identity throu gh our experiences. Locke states that we are only considered guilty of committing a crime if we were aware of it and remember doing it. Although I agree with Locke in some terms regarding our identity having something to do with our consciousness, I do not fully agreeRead MoreDescartes And John Locke s Views On Consciousness, Self, And Personal Identity1475 Words   |  6 PagesDescartes and John Locke endeavored to question the views on consciousness, self, and personal identity. They examined belief in God, the certainty of knowledge, and the role of mind and body. The goal of this paper is to deliberate John Locke’s and Renà © Descartes views on â€Å"self† and personal identity and how each come to examine how knowledge is captured. Renà © Descartes and John Locke both present arguments that are rational in the discussion of consciousness, self, and personal identity, but each lack

Global Exploration and Global Empires 1500-1700 Essay

Global Exploration and Global Empires 1500-1700 By: A Case Assignment Module 1 [Course:] HIS101 TUI University Ms. Date: 11/11/2013 The early voyages by the Portuguese and Spanish were motivated by gold, trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through religious conversion. The voyages of a few adventurers show that the Spanish and Portuguese goals were to spread Catholicism, expand trade, and expand the kingdom of the Spanish and the Portuguese to the new lands they’ve discovered. These adventures were Christopher Columbus who attempted to find a new route to Asia to extend Spain’s trade and to colonize, Bartholomew Columbus and his successful founding of Santo Domingo, Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and his†¦show more content†¦By 1508 there were 10,000 Spaniards living in 15 new settlements. Although Bartholomew’s colonization caused the Taà ­no’s to dwindle out Santo Domingo is now the capital of Dominican Republic Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and his companions, Andres Dorantes, Alonzo del Castillo Maldonado, and Estevan were the sole survivors of a four hundred men expedition. The group of them went about the friendly Indian tribes preforming miracles of healing, with the power of Christianity. At one time five sick persons were brought into the camp, and the Indians insisted that Castillo should cure them. At sunset he pronounced a blessing over the sick, and all the Christians united in a prayer to God, asking him to restore the sick to health, and on the following morning there was not a sick person among them. De Vaca and his companions reached the Pacific coast where the Indians, showed signs of civilization, living in houses covered with straw, wearing cotton clothes and dressed skins, with belts and ornaments of stone, and cultivating their fields, but had been driven therefrom by the brutal Spanish soldiery and had taken refuge in the mountains, de Vaca and his comrades, being regarded as emissaries from the Almighty, exercised such power over these untutored savages that, at their bidding, the Indians returned to their deserted habitations, and began again to cultivate their fields, the assurance being given them by de Vaca and his companions that henceforth they wouldShow MoreRelatedGlobalization And Its Impact On Society1311 Words   |  6 Pagespigmentation.† The colonial system demand for labor in the early modern time created multiethnic societies all over the world. European colonization over Africa and America created new multiethnic societies, produced linguistic evolution. The embarkation on empire-building of Russians and Chinese reshaped the northern and central Asia. The migration waves from the fourteenth to eighteenth century has paved way for the movement of people in the modern days. Intercontinental migration and trade, together as theRead MoreConstructivism, Symbolic Interactionism And Social Conflict Theory1509 Words   |  7 Pagesby the Roman Empire. The first wave consisted of the diffusion of world religions and transcontinental civilisations Therborn (2000, p.158). The rise of Christianity in Europe and Hinduism in the South East, which became â€Å"cultures, where not only a set of beliefs and ritual practices but also included a trans-tribal, trans-monarchical literary language† Therborn (2000, p.160). Both the second and third wave (estimated around 1500-1600 and 1700-1850) both thrived on European exploration which may haveRead MoreJust Whatever1974 Words   |  8 PagesGorbachev (1985-1991). B. â€Å"Leadership determines the fate of a country.† Evaluate this quotation in terms of Spain’s experience under Philip II. C. Discuss three developments that enabled Great Britain to achieve a dominant economic position between 1700 and 1830. D. Evaluate how the ideas of Charles Darwin and Sigmund Freud challenged Enlightenment assumptions about human behavior and the role of reason. E. How accurately do the lines of poetry below reflect gender roles for European men and womenRead More The Role of Disease in European Exploration and Colonization1896 Words   |  8 PagesThe Role of Disease in European Exploration and Colonization Human mobility, in terms of European transcontinental exploration and colonization, began to truly flourish after the 1400s. This travel, inspired by financial motives and justified by religious goals, resulted in the European dominance and decimation of countless cultures in both the Americas and Eurasia. While at first glance it seems as though this dominance was achieved through mainly military means - European militias,Read MoreThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pagesconsidered a defining trait of human beings? EARLY CIVILIZATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST TO ABOUT 1000 B.C.E. page 5 HOW DID control over water resources influence early Middle Eastern civilizations? ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN EMPIRES page 14 HOW DID conquest and trade shape early empires in the Near East? EARLY INDIAN CIVILIZATION page 16 WHAT INFLUENCES did the first Indus valley civilization have on later Indian religious and social practices? EARLY CHINESE CIVILIZATION page 23 WHY DID large territorialRead MoreEssay Colonization Across the Globe5171 Words   |  21 Pages1498, during his third voyage, Columbus finally sighted the South American mainland for the first time. The next white explorer to reach the continent was the Portuguese navigator Pedro Cabral, who anchored off the coast of present day Brazil in April 1500 - a territory which he then claimed for Portugal. However, the claim was ignored for more than 30 years by Portugal itself, whose sailors had in the interim sailed round Africa to India. During this time of Portuguese indifference, the SpanishRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAutotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam WineburgRead MoreReading Key3881 Words   |  16 PagesSpeculate how at least one geographic feature affected the development of the United States. †¢ Select a geographic region, explain how the geographic feature affected the development of the United States in each of the following time periods: 1500-1763 1800-1900 1900-2008 The First Discoverers of America Know: Land Bridge: 35,000 yrs ago the oceans congealed causing the sea level to drop, and exposing the land bridge between Siberia and Alaska. Nomad crossed the land bridgeRead MoreEssay about Summary of History of Graphic Design by Meggs14945 Words   |  60 Pagesthe oral culture of the Greek city-state. - The alphabet played a role in Greek democracy; it enabled the use of allotment tokens when selecting citizens by lot for public service. - Alexander the Great smashed through the power of the Persian Empire. Reading and writing had become more important by this time, because the expansion of information and knowledge exceeded the ability of oral communication. - Most of the knowledge documented by the Greeks was lost due to the fragile nature ofRead MoreInfluence of Immigration on the American Culture and Language14362 Words   |  58 Pagesdisasters which led people to believe that America was the better place to be. America was the country where they could start new life. It attracted farmers by free lands. Stories of the New Worlds gold attracted the first Spanish explorers, who in the 1500s established outposts in what is now Florida. Prospects of wealth also motivated French fur traders, who set up trading posts from the St. Lawrence River to the Great Lakes and down the Mississippi River. The British, who were the first to colonize

Figurative Language In Oedipus And Shakespeare - 1183 Words

Sophocles and Shakespeare were both literary artists that published works that have been respected and relevant centuries later. The unique language in historical literature assists in their interpretation and their relevance to modern understanding. The masterful wielding of language, diction, and metaphor contribute to various aspects of their work, adding both elements of drama and realism. By incorporating significant words and lines into their writings, Shakespeare and Sophocles create consistent and fluid plays and stories throughout their lives that offer timeless entertainment. The manipulation of speech seen through various characters such as Teiresias, Oedipus, Margaret, Richmond and Anne play a substantial and crucial role in†¦show more content†¦This juxtaposition of his persona between the two situations shows that Oedipus has fallen out of favor despite his previous heroic actions, and develops his changing character as someone who has turned to arrogance and i gnorance instead of believing anyone else’s advice. This distinguishes Oedipus as a protagonist who started out good and turned bad through the personality traits that arose when unfortunate circumstances occurred. This can be compared to the view of Richard in Shakespeare’s Richard III. Richard from the beginning is referred to in negative terms; Anne calls him a â€Å"dreadful minister of hell† (1.2.47) and similarly, Queen Margaret tells him to â€Å"hie thee to hell for shame, and leave the world, thou cacodemon!† (1.3.143-145). This view of Richard is seen through until the end, when Richmond calls him the â€Å"wretched, bloody, and usurping boar, that spoil’d your summer fields and fruitful vines, swills your warm blood like wash, and makes his trough in your embowell’d bosoms† (5.2.?). Through Richmond, Shakespeare uses figurative language in relating Richard to a boar (the emblem of Richard’s house) and casts him again in a negative light. As seen throughout Richard III, other than those who have been fooled by him, he is seen as a generally violent andShow MoreRelatedClassification of Literature3483 Words   |  14 PagesSonnet Song Elegy POINT OF COMPARISON | PROSE | POETRY | Form | Paragraph | Verse | Language | Words and rhythms of ordinary and everyday language | Metrical, rhythmical, figurative language | Appeal | Intellect | Emotions | Aim | Convince, Inform, Instruct | Stirs the readers imagination, present an ideal of how life should be and how life can be | A. Prose –is an ordinary form of written or spoken language without rhyme or meter, either fiction or nonfiction.Prose is writing that resemblesRead MoreLiterary Criticisms of Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pages/ And I am sick at heart (I.i.8-9),(1) a foreshadowing of Prince Hamlets melancholy† (Doloff). Shakespeare created this character to indicate Hamlet’s prevalent sadness throughout the play. However, Shakespeare may have intended to give Francisco much more meaning. â€Å"The sentrys foreshadowing of the prince may, indeed, be seen to extend even further, by way of Franciscos embodiment of a figurative injunction against suicide, variously found in well-known works of Shakespeares day† (Doloff). ByRead MoreHumanities Test4641 Words   |  19 Pagesdellearte specialize in? 6.   What is satire? a literary genre or form, although in practice it is also found in the graphic and performing arts, or a literary technique that attacks foolishness by making fun of it. 7. ( T or F ) The prophecies in Oedipus Rex turn out to be wrong. True 8. One actor on stage, speaking his private thoughts aloud is an example of: Soliloquy 10. Satire does what: 11.   Only the opening sentence survives of : Aristotles essay on comedy pg 236 12.   ( T or F ) SatireRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pageswords. The object of writing a poem is usually to make a very complicated statement using as few words as possible; as Laurence Perrine says, poetry may be defined as a kind of language that says more and says it more intensely than does ordinary language (517). Thus every word and stanza is packed with meanings. Poetic language could be said to have muscle because, in a sense, it is powerful. When a poet writes, he is trying to communicate with the reader in a powerful way. He uses the elements of

Personal Experience A Slightly Educated Girl Living...

Research Question: What was it like to live as a slightly educated 11 year old girl, with a 6 membered family in a one roomed apartment located in Afghanistan under the Taliban’s rule? As a female, one was restricted from a lot of things. They could not go outside without a male relative as an escort, and the windows of their houses had to be painted over with black paint so no one could see them. When a girl is still young, they only have to wear a Chador, a piece of cloth that covers their hair and shoulders. Women have to wear a Burqa, which covers their entire body. You have very little rights, and those you do have are sometimes taken away. During the war, there were a lot of bombings, which eradicated many houses and apartments. This led to not only humans becoming handicapped, but houses being destroyed and bombed to the ground so that the already little the family may have left is gone. This causes poverty for most of the families as not only are their houses bombed so they have no place to live, many of their belongings - which may have been their only values - are also bombed and destroyed. They would have to make money to both find a new place to live, but also make up for all the furniture and belongings they once had. Land mines are still in Afghanistan, and sometimes one could just be outside walking, and be blown up. A 6 membered family living in a 1 roomed apartment was common. After bombings, families would often not afford to get a place to live as goodShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesperiphery and a second round of even more devastating global conflict. The bifurcated international system that resulted from the cold war standoff extended the retreat of globalization, but nurtured the liberation of most of humanity from colonial rule. The collapse of the Soviet empire, and the freeing of its satellite states across Eastern Europe beginning in the late 1980s, marked another major watershed that further problematizes uncritical acceptance of the historical coherence of the chronologicalRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesand their children (Ryan, Carly, Connor and Lauren). C.F.G. â€Å"We must not cease from exploration and the end of all exploring will be to arrive where we begin and to know the place for the first time.† T. S. Eliot To Ann whose love and support has brought out the best in me. And, to our girls Mary, Rachel, and Tor-Tor for the joy and pride they give me. Finally, to my muse, Neil, for the faith and inspiration he instills. E.W.L Preface Since you are reading this text, you have made a decision

Managing and Mitigating Risk

Question: Discuss the relative benefits and drawbacks of these two tools for risk assessment? Answer: Risk Management Risk management should be adopted and practiced at regular intervals by any organization to ensure its safety from any unpredictable hazard. Risk management and mitigation can be evaluated and measured both qualitatively and quantitatively (Cooperberg, 2005) by the efficient use of various varied tools and techniques. Two of the prime and most commonly used tools for qualitative risk assessment are likelihood/ consequence matrix and risk nomogram. Each of the tool has its own pros and cons and are likely to affect the organization in different terms. Both the tools and approaches are valid in the practical environment with risk nomogram being less used in the industry due to its complexity but the selection of each of the tool would solely depend upon the culture and structure of the company (Ni, 2003) and the quality of risk assessment desired by it. They may vary in terms of ownership, ability, efficiency, cost applied in terms of cost and time and clear prioritization of risks. Th e company is mitigating risk by the use of matrix but are having some drawbacks when it comes to efficiency and speed. Therefore, the objective of the report is to compare the two tools in the background of the company and to conclude the effectiveness of one tool over another. Likelihood/ Consequence Matrix Likelihood is the chance of event occurring in context of risk management. Consequence on the other hand is the measure of expected severity after occurring of the hazard or the accident. The risk likelihood matrix can be used to list the hazards and the top (Clarke, 2004) and help the management to take necessary actions. This risk matrix can also be used in a semi-quantitative format by placing some numbers in each of the box of the matrix which will help in providing a greater resolution for ranking the risk. With the help of this approach, it will be easier to assess cumulative risks (Liu, 1999). The company has been using this technique but has failed to achieve cumulative results required for an analysis concerning broad and clear perspective. The steps required to mitigate the risks were not taken clearly as the decision making was delayed due to the matric approach. Also an individualized approach (Bowling, 2010) for each accident in the hazard was not able to be tracked and analyzed using this matrix. Risk Nomogram The risk nomogram however is much complex to develop and assess but undertakes various roles for risk management and mitigation. It is a graphical device that designed to allow some approximate risk calculations in a graphical manner. It undergoes some of the steps for efficient decision making in the risk assessment. It assesses the likelihood for each particular accident happening for each hazard and the result is stored in likelihood column. The exposure to risk is assessed and entered into the column specified for exposure range giving a measure of how often person does something which makes him vulnerable for risk. A straight line connecting these two is drawn extending to the tie line (Steadman et.al, 2000). Consequences are considered and entered into the respective column. Another line is drawn to assess the consequences. This line when is passes through the risk score gives a complete indication of the action that should be taken up for risk mitigation. The nomogram can also be used for providing guidance for justification of the cost that would be incurred for reducing the risk of a hazard. This risk assessment tool provides one of the most objective, individualized and evidence based risk estimation (Zsidisin, 2004). It should be kept in mind that while using this nomogram it is essential to define each of the individual accidents on a regular basis so that it is easier to assess comparable events or scenarios. But in case there is a failure to comply with such requirements then, results would not be able to be compared with each other resulting into limited utilization and use of this technique. After gaining results from the other company it was evident that the tool was costly for analysis and it failed in giving accurate results in some situations requiring to the point output for the risk mitigation plan. Comparison of Risk Matrix and Risk Nomogram One of the major advantage of using a risk nomogram over the technique of likelihood/ consequence risk matrix is that the risk reduction value which is delivered by some additional risk control techniques and measures can be more accurately measured because risk is presented on a continuous scale instead of presenting it in a form of discrete cells when it comes to risk matrix. The technique of nomogram provides with an individualized prediction of all the accidents pertaining to an event. It is substantially easier and efficient to understand and operationalize the risk assessment which is done on a scale basis (Grey, 1995). Nomograms help in better decision making and provide consistent, reliable and standardized predictions. The comparisons between the two approaches and the results out of both techniques convince the businessmen about the superiority of the nomogram based risk mitigation approach. The utilization of risk matrix is flexible as it can be constructed in a number of formats like 5X5, 4X5, 7X7 etc. It is most common used tool in the industry with every risk manager having deep knowledge and long experience regarding the same. Risk matrix are beneficial in identifying the event outcomes that should be made prioritized or grouped for analyzing the matter further. As far as cost of the tools and techniques used are concerned, this tool provides a quick and comparatively inexpensive methodologies (Jttner, 2005) for analyzing risk. For some high risk areas, and proportional analysis risk matrix provide detailed information and evaluation methods. But development and assessment of risk nomogram is quite complex and is not at all straightforward therefore, users must ensure that they clearly understand the inherent concepts and applications of principles and theories involved in its development before adopting such approach for the company for tasks of risk management. The matter of fact is that the accuracy of the nomogram is limited by the precision with which the physical markings (Singh, 2011) are drawn, viewed or aligned for analysis. Therefore the most common application of nomogram is when an approximate answer is required and is used appropriately. Accuracy is one of the greatest disadvantage of this tool for risk assessment. It is not used easily to donate the different hazards which will lead to major accidents as they are designed to perform some specific calculations. Risk matrix sometimes provide a disadvantage of scale limitation when the scenario is of frequency reduction (Miller, 1992). It fails in providing an accurate frequency reduction raking. Case Studies The company is presently using likelihood/ consequence matrix for evaluation of risk and assessing them in a qualitative manner. As suggested by the boss the need is to dwell deeper into the concept of risk nomogram and to select the most suitable of the both tools suggested. If the company choses to resort to the new technique of risk nomogram then it is likely that the cost incurred would increase but it would provide cumulative data along with individual analysis too (Reason, 1997). On the other hand, the results quoted would be approximate giving a rough draft of the risks and the actions that need to be taken accordingly. Though the risk matrix was working well but due to inclusion of an innovative alternative, it was wise to assess its pros and cons too. The case studies provided a chance for analysis by which we were able to decide the choice of the tool that should have been used in the company for risk management and mitigation. For multiple fatalities from a terrorist attack that has never happened but it is possible, it is best to use the likelihood/ consequence matrix having rare chances of catastrophic effect. Accurate information is required which cannot be given by another tool of nomogram. Similarly, for the single fatality at the Companys head office (one person fell into the stairwell and died, the only fatality since the company started over 35 years ago) can be judged effectively by the present matrix approach having same dimensions. But for a severe irreversible injury from a specific incident that has happened twice in the organization in the last 12 years, it is required to gain cumulative impact and further devise strategies including either correction, awareness, planning or implementing. For other severe case which happens frequently like a manual handling LTI across business, 18 recorded in last 10 years too require nomogram approach. A first aid injury in the head office where there have b een 6 incidents reported in the last 5 years also requires an approximate insight of cumulative data in a quick manner requiring steps for risk assessment too. Conclusion It can be concluded that risk nomogram should be adopted as the new tool but with the requirement of extra cost and extra skills of the employees to do approximate analysis (Grey, 1995) of some major risks accompanied by the risk value and strategies to overcome it. As a result, risk nomogram should be used for risk assessment because of its quickness, transparency, objectivity, clarity (Miller, 1992) and comprehensive framework. References 1. Cooperberg, M. R., Pasta, D. J., Elkin, E. P., Litwin, M. S., Latini, D. M., Du Chane, J., Carroll, P. R. (2005). The University of California, San Francisco Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment score: a straightforward and reliable preoperative predictor of disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy.The Journal of urology, 173(6), 1938-1942.2. Ni, M., McCalley, J. D., Vittal, V., Greene, S., Ten, C. W., Ganugula, V. S., Tayyib, T. (2003). Software implementation of online risk-based security assessment.Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on, 18(3), 1165-1172.3. Clarke, S., Cooper, C. L. (2004).Managing the risk of workplace stress: Health and safety hazards. Psychology Press.4. Liu, J. T., Hammitt, J. K. (1999). Perceived risk and value of workplace safety in a developing country.Journal of risk research, 2(3), 263-275.5. Bowling, C. M., Peterson, M. (2010).Assessing Explosives Safety Risks, Deviations, and Consequences (No. DDESB-TP-23). DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE EXPLOSIVES SAFETY BOARD ALEXANDRIA VA.6. Steadman, H. J., Silver, E., Monahan, J., Appelbaum, P. S., Robbins, P. C., Mulvey, E. P., ... Banks, S. (2000). A classification tree approach to the development of actuarial violence risk assessment tools.Law and human behavior, 24(1), 83-100.7. Zsidisin, G. A., Ellram, L. M., Carter, J. R., Cavinato, J. L. (2004). An analysis of supply risk assessment techniques.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 34(5), 397-413.8. Grey, S. (1995).Practical risk assessment for project management (Vol. 25). Wiley.9. Jttner, U. (2005). Supply chain risk management: Understanding the business requirements from a practitioner perspective.The International Journal of Logistics Management, 16(1), 120-141.10. Singh, J. P., Grann, M., Fazel, S. (2011). A comparative study of violence risk assessment tools: A systematic review and metaregression analysis of 68 studies involving 25,980 participants.Clinical psychology review, 31(3), 499-513 .11. Miller, K. D. (1992). A framework for integrated risk management in international business.Journal of international business studies, 311-331.12. Reason, J. T., Reason, J. T. (1997).Managing the risks of organizational accidents (Vol. 6). Aldershot: Ashgate.

Organizational Structure of Walt Disney World free essay sample

Organizational Structure Throughout the last three to four decades, since Walt Disney World opened its theme park in 1971, the park has undergone an incredible transformation. When the park originally opened only three rides were available and now after adding new rides, attractions, and other developments, there is over forty seven square miles of space. Not only is there the actual theme parks themselves, but Disney also branches out into resorts, hotels, golf courses, campgrounds, water parks, restaurants, entertaining events, and theme shows. The Disney Company has grown to over 60,000 employees who busily keep Walt Disney World operating and running smoothly (Haworth, 2008). Disney offers a wide variety of training for their employees at the Disney Institute, which was developed in 1986, and the benefits employees acquire supplement the organizational culture of the company. There is great thought that goes into the creation of training that benefit’s the massive number of employees throughout the Disney Company. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Structure of Walt Disney World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The intense focus that Disney puts into each employee is easily paid back by great customer satisfaction that Disney maintains throughout the year. Training offers organizational behavior concepts such as: decision-making, motivation, group behavior, communication, organizational culture, organizational structure, and human resource practices (Waltz, 2007). Disney strives in employee happiness and satisfaction and how they feel management is doing. One way Disney determines if employees are happy is by a 120-question survey about managements overall performance. Communication is key to a successful business and imperative that management and employees are doing so on a regular basis. After completion of the survey (about three weeks) a staff meeting is held and all staff concerns are addressed so that any problems can be resolved. Disney’s focus is to keep their employees satisfied, which will in turn keep their visitors satisfied (Waltz, 2007). Disney’s organizational structure is built upon innovation, quality, community, storytelling, optimism, and decency. Innovation is crucial to the Disney Company because without having innovative ideas, the company would not be as successful as it is today (Waltz, 2007). Disney’s institute offers a variety of classes for employees including Disney’s approach to people management, quality service, creative leadership, orientation, HR management, customer loyalty, and other business related classes based on the needs of the employees. Disney’s HR practices in the beginning were not as diversified as they are today. Disney realized it’s mistakes and took action with initializing a union (Waltz, 2007). Disney’s Board of Directors are strong with a balanced blend of skills and experience in order to offer guidance in core areas important to Disney. There are twelve internal members on the board consisting of both men and women. Disney’s Management team consists of ten Senior Corporate Officers and seven members of Management who specialize in Principal Businesses (Corporate Disney. com). Centralization generally takes place at Disney because top managers make most decisions and lower-level management carries out top managements directives. There are times when decentralization takes place, which is when decision making is pushed down to the lower-level managers simply because they are closest to the action. Disney is constantly restructuring in order to revamp new ideas, keep up with the economy, and to continuously provide magical memories for new visitors or those returning. There are occasional conflicts at Disney, but management does a great job with acknowledging them and taking action. The members that are at conflict are often brought together to discuss issues in order to work them out. Open communication is key to running a smooth business and providing happiness for both employees and visitors. Employees of Disney often do not feel resistance to change because a great deal of the training they receive at Disney’s Institute helps encourage that change is good within the organization. Change means that things get bigger and better all the time at Disney and means that Disney is growing from within. Staff meetings are held on a regular basis to communicate upcoming changes to employees (Corporate Disney. com). The relationship between organizational structure, control systems, and operations is the following: Organizational structure is mostly a hierarchical concept of subordination of entities that collaborate and contribute to serve one common aim. Control systems is a device or set of devices to manage, command, direct or regulate the behavior of other devices or systems. Operations are concepts, methods, and techniques that will enable them to define an operation system development plan. All three are closely related because they are working with itself and aiming for the end result.

Close Encounters Communication in Relationships

Question: Discuss about the Close Encounters for Communication in Relationships. Answer: Introduction: The primary goal of this research study is to assess the efficiency of married and unmarried couples. Both married and unmarried couples face issues regarding efficiency for which the below survey results were found. 50 couples, i.e. 100 people were involved in the survey so that the efficiency of Married couples vs. Unmarried ones can be assessed. Based on the scale, the couples were classified as efficient or inefficient. It is argued that communication has the ability to bring a couple closer or push them apart. According to the results in Figure 1, 85% of the people believe that after marriage, the communication has helped improve their efficiency. However, 15% of the respondents feel that there is more communication while the couple is unmarried. A majority of the married ones feel that it is easier to express and communicate as the married partners are good listeners. However, a small percentage of the unmarried ones stated that the partners made comments and put each other down. It is further argued that the partners need to have good listening skills and patience while withholding judgment and spending more energy on trying to understand. The unmarried couples were found more impulsive in nature that made it difficult for the partners to understand each other thereby increasing stress and reducing efficiency (Guerrero, Andersen, Afifi, 2013). It is argued that conflict is a natural and inevitable part of every human relationship. There are inevitable differences and it is necessary to handle such conflicts in a healthy manner. According to the results in Figure 2, 68% of the respondents believe that married couples handle conflict in a better way and find resolution. However, 32% of the respondents believe that the unmarried couples do not have a great way of handling conflict. The married couples stated that they are able to resolve the differences. In case of unmarried couples, the partner takes the disagreements seriously. It is argued that conflict must not be avoided as it damages a relationship. Building effective relationships affects efficiency in other aspects as it teaches the people to deal with the conflict rather than escaping from it (Worthington et al., 2015). Financial issues are one the most important concerns among the couples, whether married or unmarried. The partners often have disagreements when it is about monetary issues. However, it was found that 65% of the respondents felt that married couples manage their finances in a better way than the unmarried. The married couples have few concerns about debt and they know the proper amount to save. This is difficult in case of unmarried couples as they have low level of planning and 35% of the respondents feel that the same. The partners do not try to control the money in case of unmarried couples (Bisdee, Daly, Price, 2012). Couple flexibility refers to the level of changes and compromise can be made by the couple. It is important and challenging to adapt to the ever changing stress and challenges in the society. According to Figure 4, the couple flexibility among the married couples was more than the unmarried ones. 72% of the respondents believe that there is more flexibility and compromise among married couples that makes them efficient than the unmarried ones. It is argued that the unmarried couples do not make most decisions jointly. Therefore, 18% of the respondents believe that the unmarried couples are not able to adjust when necessary. It is argued that the relationships that do not balance well in times of compromise are inefficient. It is necessary to be adaptable in times of need. Also, the married ones were closer to their partners in comparison with the unmarried ones in terms of emotions (Busby, Larson, Halford, 2015). In terms of organization, it is found that married couples are more efficient than the unmarried ones. According to Figure 5, 80% of the respondents believe that the married ones are more organized. The things and plans are well-organized in comparison with the unmarried couples. 20% of the respondents believe that the unmarried couples are less organized and are haphazard in their ways in comparison with the married ones (Knudson-Martin, 2012). Therefore, the overall results indicate that the married couples are more efficient than the unmarried ones. There are ups and downs in the process, but the married ones prove to be greatly efficient than the unmarried couples. References Bisdee, D., Daly, T., Price, D. (2012). Behind Closed Doors: Older Couples and the Gendered Management of Household Money.Social Policy And Society,12(01), 163-174. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474641200053x Busby, D., Larson, J., Holman, T., Halford, W. (2015). Flexible Delivery Approaches to Couple Relationship Education: Predictors of Initial Engagement and Retention of Couples.Journal Of Child And Family Studies,24(10), 3018-3029. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0105-3 Guerrero, L., Andersen, P., Afifi, W. (2013).Close encounters: Communication in relationships(1st ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Knudson-Martin, C. (2012). Why Power Matters: Creating a Foundation of Mutual Support in Couple Relationships.Family Process,52(1), 5-18. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/famp.12011 Worthington, E., Berry, J., Hook, J., Davis, D., Scherer, M., Griffin, B. et al. (2015). Forgiveness-reconciliation and communication-conflict-resolution interventions versus retested controls in early married couples.Journal Of Counseling Psychology,62(1), 14-27. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cou0000045